19 December 1948

The Netherlands Invaded Indonesia

VIVAnews – 60 years ago today, on 19 December 1948, the Dutch launched it second military aggression against Indonesia. It was codenamed Crow Operation. The operation was led by General Simon Spoor, the Dutch military leader in Indonesia, who ordered a full-scale attack against the infant republic. Its aim was to reassert Dutch sovereignty in Indonesia.

The attack began early in the morning. Around 4.30 AM, several Dutch aircrafts took off from Bandung, heading for Jogjakarta. Several hours later, Dr. Beel, the Dutch High Representative in Indonesia, announced that the Dutch were no longer bound by the Renville agreement. At 5.30, Maguwo airport in Jogjakarta was bombed by the Dutch air forces. An hour later, the Dutch paratroopers landed at Maguwo. After killing 128 Indonesians on the spot, the Dutch managed to take over the airport.

Having learned about the attack, General Soedirman, the Indonesian military commander, decided to evacuate his army from Jogjakarta and retreated into the countryside. President Soekarno and Vice President Hatta, however, decided to remain in Jogjakarta. At noon, most of Jogjakarta had already succumbed to the Dutch forces. Soekarno, Hatta, and Prime Minister Sjahrir were seized by the Dutch and subsequently exiled to Bangka.

The Dutch aggression outraged many nations. Soon thereafter, UN Security Council called for the end of hostilities. On 31 December 1948 the Dutch announced ceasefire in Java and later in Sumatra. The hostilities eventually ended in 7 May 1949 after both countries signed the Roem-Royen agreement.    

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29 Maret 2024